Various renal impairment:
1. Pyelonephritis
Infection and inflammation of kidney tissue and the renal pelvis (the space formed by the expansion of the upper end of the channel the urinary tubules ureter to the bladder). The infection is usually caused by bacteria. The disorder is most common kidney, pyelonephritis can be chronic and acute.
Already acute pyelonephritis usually affects one region of the kidneys, and did not attack the other. In many cases, pyelonephritis can develop without any obvious cause. Disruption of the flow of blood or urine, can make the kidneys more susceptible to infection, and the accumulation of dirt on the end of the urethra is also expected to increase cases of illness in infants (urethra is the channel urine from the bladder out). Women can experience urinary tract injury during intercourse or pregnancy, and catheterization (urine output mechanical) can cause an infection.
2. Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis, other kidney diseases that often occur, characterized by inflammation of the kidney glomeruli part. This condition can occur when the body's immune system is paralyzed. Antibodies and other substances to form particles in the bloodstream are trapped in the glomeruli. This causes inflammation and makes the glomeruli can not work properly. Symptoms of this disease may include blood in the urine, swelling of body tissues, and the presence of protein in the urine, the results of laboratory tests. Glomerulonephritis can heal itself without treatment. If treatment is necessary, to do a special diet, preventive medicine immunity (immunosuppressant), or plasmapheresis (plasma separation from blood), a procedure to remove part of the blood that contains antibodies.
Glomerulonephritis is a disorder known as nephritis, or Bright disease. The main part of this disease is a blood vessel in a lump glumerular. Suffix "-itis" indicates inflammation injury and glomerulonephritis was associated with infection, in the narrow sense of the word, the disease attacks following a streptococcal bacterial infection and then the weight for a variety of other infections. However, there is convincing evidence that glomerulonephritis is not a disease that attacks the kidneys directly as a cause of infection. The disease is more to the disorder of the immune system, where the formation of antibodies in response to a foreign protein (antigen) elsewhere in the body. This resulted in the formation of antigen-antibody complexes that are involved in glomerular boulders or in a few cases, this antigen accumulate in the glomerular capillary wall. In each case, the antibody or antigen-antibody complexes reach the kidney through the circulation, and this mechanism is referred to as complex circulatory disease.
3. Kidney Stones
Also called Renal Calculus, Renal calculi plural, accumulation of mineral and organic matter that form in the kidneys. There is a rock that became so large that paralyzes kidney function. Urine contains many salts in solution, and if the concentration of mineral salts is exceeded, the excess salt is precipitated into solid particles called kidney stones. Kidney stones are classified as primary if the stone is formed without any obvious cause such as an infection or blockage. Classified as secondary if they develop after an infection or kidney disorders.
Some conditions increase your chance of developing kidney stones. Whether it's reduced volume of fluid or mineral buildup simply create disturbance perfect balance between the liquid and the solution is in the kidney. When the rock began to grow, it will continue to grow normally. A nucleus of urine salt deposits could be a collection of bacteria, damaged tissue, cell death, or small blood platelets. Mineral attract particles from the outside and wrap. At the time of the rock increase in size, the surface can be a place for other minerals and then grow.
Smaller kidney stones can come out of the body by itself though will cause pain. Larger stones require surgery, or can be broken down into small parts with sound waves in a procedure called ultrasonic lithotripsy.
4. Kidney Failure
Also called Renal Failure, partial or complete loss of kidney function. Classified into acute renal failure (when the attack suddenly) or chronic. Acute renal failure resulting in decreased urine volume, levels of nitrogenous substances, potassium, sulfate, and phosphate in the blood above normal, and low levels of sodium, calcium, and blood carbon dioxide are also far below normal. Usually people are exposed to these healed in six weeks or less.
The cause of renal failure is partly due to the destruction of the tubules in the kidney by drugs or an organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, acetone, and ethylene glycol, in contact with metal compounds such as mercury, lead, and uranium. Kidney failure can be caused by physical injury or major surgery makes losing a lot of blood or also due to diseases that damage the cortex (outer part) of the kidneys. Other causes include severe bacterial infections, diabetes that damages the medulla (inside), kidney, and because of the excess of calcium salts in the kidneys.
Renal artery blockage, liver disease, and urinary tract obstruction can lead to acute renal failure: in rare situations, renal failure may occur without symptoms. Complications arising from kidney failure, including heart failure, lung water, and potassium in the body collapsing.
Chronic renal failure is usually the result of a long illness diidap by the kidneys. In chronic renal failure the blood becomes more acidic than normal and can happen to the loss of calcium in bones. Nerve damage can also occur