Uterine contractions and cervical dilation result in visceral pain (T10-L1).
Descent of the fetal head and pressure on the vagina and perineum result in somatic pain (pudendal nerve, S2-S4).
In the absence of a medical contraindication, maternal request is a sufficient medical indication for pain relief during labor.
Absolute contraindications to regional anesthesia (epidural, spinal, or
combination) include the following:
Descent of the fetal head and pressure on the vagina and perineum result in somatic pain (pudendal nerve, S2-S4).
In the absence of a medical contraindication, maternal request is a sufficient medical indication for pain relief during labor.
Absolute contraindications to regional anesthesia (epidural, spinal, or
combination) include the following:
- Refractory maternal hypotension
- Maternal coagulopathy
- Maternal use of a once-daily close of low-molecular-weight heparin within 12 hours
- Untreated maternal bacteremia
- Skin infection over the site of needle placement
- Increase in ICP caused by a mass lesion